History, Types & Recipes of Inari Sushi and Tokyo Spots

What is Inari Sushi?

Inari sushi is a widely loved, home-style sushi dish in Japan. It consists of a pouch of sweet and savory simmered tofu (known as abura-age) stuffed with vinegared rice. Abura-age is made by slicing tofu thinly, draining its moisture, and deep-frying it to create a chewy, flavorful wrapping.

Depending on the region or context, inari sushi is also affectionately called abura-age-zushi, kitsune-zushi, or simply o-inari-san. These names nod to its appearance and cultural ties.

Thanks to its simplicity and portability, inari sushi is a go-to choice for bento lunches, souvenirs, or picnics. While it may differ from the hand-pressed nigiri sushi of Edo (now Tokyo), inari sushi has firmly rooted itself as a traditional and accessible part of Japanese cuisine.

History of Inari Sushi

The origins of inari sushi are a matter of debate, but many agree it began in regions like Nagoya or Edo (now Tokyo). Records suggest that inari sushi was born in Nagoya around 300 years ago and gradually gained popularity in Tokyo.

A book published in 1837 described how inari sushi was spreading among the common people, while an illustration from 1852 depicts merchants selling inari sushi. At that time, it cost the modern equivalent of around 480 yen (about US$3), making it as affordable and popular as soba noodles or udon noodles. In essence, it was one of Japan’s earliest forms of fast food.

The Origins of Its Name

The name “inari sushi” is rooted in Japan’s spiritual traditions. It is associated with Inari Shrines, dedicated to Inari, the deity of agriculture and prosperity. Legend has it that foxes, considered Inari’s messengers, are particularly fond of abura-age. This connection inspired the name “inari sushi” for this tofu-wrapped treat. Interestingly, a similar naming practice exists with kitsune udon, a noodle dish featuring abura-age, as “kitsune” means fox in Japanese.

Another nickname, shinoda sushi, references a folklore tale involving a white fox from the Shinoda Forest in Osaka’s Izumi area.

Inari Sushi and the Hatsu-uma Festival

The Hatsu-uma Festival, a traditional event honoring the Inari deity, takes place on the first "Day of the Horse" in February according to the lunar calendar. During this festival, inari sushi is offered as a sacred food to pray for abundant harvests. Celebrated at Inari shrines across Japan, the Hatsu-uma Festival reflects the deep cultural connection between inari sushi and Japanese traditions.

Comparing Inari Sushi and Nigiri Sushi

While nigiri sushi typically involves fresh seafood placed on a bed of vinegared rice, inari sushi uses no seafood. Instead, it features sweet and savory simmered tofu pockets filled with rice. Nigiri sushi is often associated with sophistication and enjoyed on special occasions, whereas inari sushi is cherished as a casual, everyday dish perfect for home meals or quick snacks.

A Vegan-Friendly Delight

Inari sushi is a great choice for vegans and vegetarians because it traditionally avoids the use of animal-based ingredients. However, some simmering sauces may include bonito flakes, so for a completely vegan option, substitute plant-based broth made from kombu (kelp) or shiitake mushrooms. Add toppings like vegetables or sesame seeds to enhance its nutritional value, color, and flavor, creating an even more delicious dish.

Regional Variations of Inari Sushi

Wrapping Styles

Barrel-Shaped (Eastern Japan)

Common in eastern Japan, including Tokyo, this style uses rectangular abura-age and features a round, barrel-like shape resembling a traditional rice storage container. It’s generously filled with vinegared rice and easy to prepare at home.

Triangular (Western Japan)

Resembling the ears of a fox, this style is popular in Kyoto and Osaka. The seasoning highlights a light, delicate flavor that reflects the regional preference for broth-based dishes.

Thin and Elongated (Koden Sushi)

This traditional style dates back to the Edo period and is particularly loved in places like Kumagaya in Saitama. Its narrow, elongated shape pairs with a refined, broth-infused flavor.

Open-Top Style

A modern variation featuring an open pouch topped with colorful ingredients like avocado, shredded egg, or vegetables. This contemporary take on inari sushi adds a fun, decorative touch.

Rolled Style

Found in Kumamoto, this version uses Nankan-age, a sturdy tofu skin, and is rolled like sushi. The firm exterior provides a rich and satisfying bite, making it a unique regional delicacy.

Flavor Profiles and Ingredients

Kanto Style

Characterized by a sweet and savory flavor achieved with dark soy sauce. The bold taste pairs perfectly with the vinegared rice, creating a satisfying harmony.

Kansai Style

Features a lighter, more delicate flavor, thanks to the use of light soy sauce and an emphasis on the broth. This style often includes garnishes like chrysanthemum greens (shungiku) or Japanese parsley (mitsuba).

Tsuwano Town, Shimane Prefecture

Known for black inari sushi, seasoned with brown sugar. Its pronounced sweetness and unique dark appearance leave a strong impression.

Gifu and Kochi Prefectures

A rare variation that uses konjac (konnyaku) instead of tofu skin. This healthier option is particularly popular among those seeking a low-calorie alternative.

Aomori Prefecture

A festive version made with red glutinous rice, often served on celebratory occasions. Its vibrant color adds a special touch to the dish.

Ibaraki Prefecture

Features soba inari, where buckwheat noodles are used instead of rice. The flavorful noodles pair surprisingly well with the tofu pouch.

Key Ingredients and Seasonings

Abura-age (Tofu Pouches)

The cornerstone of inari sushi, abura-age is made by slicing tofu thinly and deep-frying it to create a light and chewy texture. The pouches are simmered in a sweet and savory sauce made from soy sauce, sugar, mirin, and broth, resulting in a flavor that complements the vinegared rice perfectly.

Vinegared Rice

The filling for inari sushi is made by mixing freshly cooked rice with vinegar, sugar, and salt. Variations include adding sesame seeds or chopped ginger for an extra layer of flavor.

Additional Ingredients for Variety

Inari sushi is a simple dish, but it offers a wide variety of creative variations.

Sesame Seeds

Add a toasty aroma and subtle crunch.

Chopped Ginger

The refreshing tang of ginger enhances the flavor of the vinegrated rice. Similar to the “gari” (pickled ginger) served with nigiri sushi, it balances the dish.

Shredded Egg

Thinly sliced egg crepes are often used in festive or ceremonial dishes, adding a vibrant and decorative touch to inari sushi.

Small Cut Vegetables

Adding edamame, finely shredded carrots, or mushrooms like shiitake can provide texture, flavor, and a burst of color.

Seafood Toppings (Tuna, Salmon Caviar, etc.)

For a twist, canned tuna (a common, affordable item in Japan) or salmon caviar (ikura) can be used as a topping, offering a richer, more savory flavor.

How to Make Inari Sushi

Basic Recipe

Simmering the Tofu Pouches

In a pot, combine 3 tablespoons of soy sauce, 2 tablespoons of sugar, 2 tablespoons of mirin, and 200ml of broth. Add the tofu pouches and simmer over medium heat for about 10 minutes until they absorb the flavors.

Preparing Vinegared Rice

Mix 50ml of rice vinegar, 3 tablespoons of sugar, and 1 teaspoon of salt into 2 cups (about 300g) of freshly cooked rice. For added flavor, you can mix in sesame seeds or chopped ginger to taste.

Stuffing the Tofu Pouches

Allow the simmered tofu pouches to cool, then gently squeeze out excess liquid.

Fill each pouch with the prepared vinegared rice and shape it neatly. Your inari sushi is ready to serve.

Tips for Making Inari Sushi Abroad

Finding Tofu Pouches

Tofu pouches can usually be found in the frozen or vacuum-sealed section of Asian grocery stores. Before using, blanch them briefly in hot water to remove any excess oil.

Choosing Vinegar

Japanese rice vinegar works best, but if it’s not available, you can substitute with white wine vinegar by adding a small amount of sugar for a similar flavor.

Alternative Ingredients

Common toppings like sesame seeds, shredded egg, or edamame are often available at local supermarkets. If unavailable, you can substitute with similar ingredients for a creative twist.

If Ingredients Are Hard to Find

Tofu pouches can often be sourced from stores like H Mart or 99 Ranch Market in US, which carry Japanese ingredients.

For a healthier variation, try substituting the vinegared rice with multigrain or brown rice.

Use instant broth powder for quick and easy flavor enhancement if fresh broth isn’t an option.

How to Enjoy Inari Sushi During Your Trip to Japan

Convenience Stores and Supermarkets

Easily available at convenience stores and supermarkets, inari sushi is often sold in packs at affordable prices.

Kaiseki Restaurants and Sushi Bars

High-end sushi restaurants sometimes include inari sushi on their menu, offering a more refined taste experience. Some also sell takeout options during lunch hours.

Specialty Sushi Shops

Bento shops and specialty sushi stores often focus on inari sushi and other rolls, making them a convenient option.

Festivals and Tourist Spots

Inari sushi is a common offering at festivals and in tourist areas due to its portability and popularity as a snack.

Recommended Places to Enjoy Inari Sushi

Tokyo is home to several century-old inari sushi establishments, offering traditional inari sushi for takeout. Many of these shops are located in the "shitamachi" (oldtown) areas on the eastern side of Tokyo. Additionally, innovative takes on inari sushi can be found at Japanese fine dining restaurants in upscale neighborhoods like Roppongi, blending tradition with modern culinary creativity.

1. Kokyu Inari Sushi Senmon Ten Fukujyuya (高級伊奈利寿司専門店 福寿家) / Asakusa

Established over 100 years ago, this shop is famous for its unique technique of flipping tofu pouches inside out to create beautifully presented inari sushi. Their six-piece inari rolls cost around 1,100 yen.

2. Ningyocho Shinoda Zushi Sohonten (人形町 志乃多寿司總本店) / Ningyocho

With a history spanning over 140 years, this long-established shop specializes in inari sushi. In addition to inari sushi, they also offer a variety of other sushi options, such as rolled sushi and pressed sushi. The inari sushi features a sweet and savory flavor profile with a rich seasoning. However, the tofu pouch is carefully prepared to ensure the taste remains balanced and not overly heavy.

3. Kanda Shinoda Zushi (神田志乃多寿司) / Kanda

This century-old establishment has been serving its renowned specialties for over 100 years. Their signature set features rolled sushi made with gently simmered kanpyo (dried gourd strips) offering a mellow sweetness, and inari sushi, where the tofu pouch is richly infused with a flavorful sauce.

4. Kokitsune (呼きつね) / Roppongi

Specializing in bite-sized inari sushi made with soft, fluffy tofu pouches. These innovative creations are perfect for a modern dining experience.

5. KITAINARI / Azabu-Jyuban

This shop offers a sugar-free take on inari sushi. In addition to dashi-seasoned inari, they serve unique variations filled with chicken, beef, pork, and even game meats, bringing a fresh and innovative approach to inari sushi.

Unique Sushi Dining Experiences

1. Udatsu Sushi (宇田津 鮨) / nakameguro

A popular Michelin-listed sushi restaurant with a unique concept of "Sushi × Art." The omakase course begins with creative appetizers, offering a dining experience full of entertaining presentations. The sushi itself is top-tier, with a standout menu item being the "Herb Roll," which combines fresh fish with fully organic herbs. The dimly lit, stylish interior creates a sophisticated ambiance, while the chef's warm and friendly interactions ensure guests can relax and enjoy an extraordinary sushi experience.

2. Nishiazabu Taku (西麻布 拓) / Azabu

This Michelin-starred sushi restaurant offers a bespoke omakase course tailored to each guest’s preferences, creating an haute couture dining experience. Every dish and piece of sushi is crafted improvisationally, while a sommelier pairs the perfect wine or sake to complement each flavor. Among sushi establishments that offers the omakase course, this one stands out for delivering a truly memorable and personalized experience.

3. Ichiu (一宇) / Kagurazaka

This Michelin Bib Gourmand-awarded restaurant seamlessly blends sushi, Japanese cuisine, and fine drinks. The chef, who trained at a prestigious Japanese restaurant, showcases exceptional skill in the kaiseki dishes served during the first half of the omakase course—surpassing the usual expectations of a sushi restaurant. From sushi and small plates to desserts, every element reflects a dedication to Japan’s seasonal ingredients.